phase shift keying
Modulation scheme encoding all information into phase.
\begin{equation}
s_i(t) = \Re\{Ag(t)e^{j2\pi (i-1)/M} e^{j2\pi f_c t}\}
\end{equation}
signal constellation points are given by
\begin{equation}
s_i1 = A \cos \left(\frac{2\pi (i-1)}{M} \right)
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
s_i2 = A \sin \left(\frac{2\pi (i-1)}{M} \right)
\end{equation}
All signals have equal energy, \(A^2\).
Based on the number of points in the diagram, \(M\) (because we need to map \(M\) messages onto coefficients in signal space), there are a few popular variants of PSK. Namely
